South East Asia Journal of Medical Sciences

Exploratory Data Analysis: An insight into Gestational diabetes mellitus issue in Pregnancy

Mohd Altaf Dar, Zulfkar Qadrie, Afshana Qadir — Mon, 15 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Among the most familiar maternal complications is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its incidence has increased globally, along with increasing type two diabetes. Every level of dysglycaemia which first arises or has been first detected throughout pregnancy is referred to as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Globally, this has become a public health burden. GDM has become one of the major public health problems for both mothers and children globally. Internationally, the frequency of excess weight and obesity has risen dramatically in women of childbearing age. There seems to be a greater risk of having GDM in overweight or obese women, resulting in problems during pregnancy, birth and neonatal development. Hospital management is a problem for obese pregnant females with GDM and places extra burdens on the healthcare sector. GDM can result in possible risks to the wellbeing of the mother, fetus, and infant, as well as clinically significant negative effects on the mental health of the mother. For females and their developing babies, diabetes may cause problems during pregnancy. Unsatisfactory diabetes control enhances the risk of complications and other birth related issues during pregnancy. It may also cause a woman to suffer severe complications. Numerous maternal and fetal effects are associated with GDM and multiple detection and management methods are also pursued globally in order to reduce the burden of health. An overview of gestational diabetes in pregnancy, its epidemiology, its causes and treatment is given in this review.

Keywords: Pregnancy, diabetes, complications, treatment

Navigating Diabetes Mellitus: Advancing Forward

Mohd Altaf Dar, Zulfkar Qadrie — Mon, 15 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by an elevated blood glucose level – resulting from defects in insulin secretion, in insulin action or both. Diabetes Mellitus is not a pathogenic entity but a group of etiologically different metabolic defects that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Several distinct types of DM exist and are caused by complex interaction of genetic factors and life style choices. The metabolic dysregulation associated with DM causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple organ systems that impose a tremendous burden on the individual with diabetes and on the health care system. Intensive diabetes management has set the goal of improvement of glycemic control, which reduces complications associated with the diseases. A strict control of blood glucose levels (Ideally HbA1c< 7% mean plasma glucose level, < 150 mg/dl) delays the onset and progression of diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and reduction in cardiovascular risk. Sulfonylureas (Glebenclemide, Gliclazide, Glemiperide, and tolbutamide), Biguandies (Metformin, Phenformin) are effectively used in controlling elevated blood glucose levels in oral antidiabetic therapy. . Sitagliptin is a once-daily, orally active, potent and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor approved in many countries for the treatment of patients with type- 2 diabetes. Sitagliptin was the first DPP-4 inhibitor that was approved for the management of type 2 diabetes in 2007. Sitagliptin is being used as monotherapy (100 or 200 mg OD) or as an add-on to ongoing oral antidiabetic agents (OAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes with significant reduction in glycaemic levels within a few weeks. In this review, we will briefly study the different therapeutic options available for the management of Diabetes Mellitus.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Insulin, Sulfonylureas, Biguanides, Sitagliptin.

Diabetes Mellitus and Diverse Approaches to Its Management in Practical Application

Mohd Altaf Dar, Zulfkar Qadrie — Mon, 15 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease and is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high levels of sugar in blood (hyperglycemia). More than 230 million people worldwide are affected, and it is expected to reach 350 million by 2025. Globally the affected people are unaware of the disease and only half receive adequate treatment. It is caused due to deficiency of insulin or resistance to insulin or both. Insulin is secreted by β-cells of pancreas to control blood sugar levels. Advancing age, obesity and history of diabetes in the family have been identified as a major risk factors for diabetes in a study conducted by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Although not highly correlated, gender and lack of sufficient exercise were also found to be risk factors for diabetes. A life style intervention with weight loss, exercise regimen and diet control is often the first step in treatment of patients with newly diagnosed with diabetes and recommended by the ADA. The main goal of diabetes management is, as far as possible, to restore carbohydrate metabolism to a normal state. To achieve this goal, individuals with an absolute deficiency of insulin require insulin replacement therapy, which is given through injections or tablets. Insulin resistance, in contrast, can be corrected by dietary modifications and exercise.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, insulin, hyperglycemia, oral hypoglycemic.

The Power of Computational Chemogenomics and In Silico Tools for Drug Discovery

Ambadasu Bharatha, Kandamaran Krishnamurthy — Wed, 31 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Triple co-infection involving Dengue Fever, Scrub Typhus and Acute Brucellosis - a rare and surprising entity

Naveen Rajput, Ritika Abrol, Manasvi Kalra — Thu, 27 Apr 2023 00:00:00 +0000

We report a case of a 28 year old patient presenting with the chief complaints of fever attributed to multiple co-infections. Co-infections have been infrequently reported in literature, dual co-infections being the most common variety. Dengue Fever, Scrub typhus and Acute Brucellosis are commonly found in North India, however they have never been reported to occur simultaneously in the same patient. Cross-reactivity amongst the tests for these infections is unlikely as well. This highlights the possibility of the multiple co-infections in patients presenting with mixed or un-improving symptoms as well as those with laboratory values disproportionate to each tropical illness. Physicians should hold high index of suspicion for co-infections if the same is noted in patients with fever.